Tagged With "Neuro-Nurturing(R)"
Blog Post
PHC6937: A Trauma-Informed HIV Prevention Intervention in a Diverse Population
This trauma-informed, culturally sensitive HIV intervention will focus on the diverse subset of the men who have sex with men (MSM) community who have experienced at least one adverse childhood experience (ACE). Current data suggests exposure to ACEs increases a person’s risk to contracting HIV; as such, our program will be based in resilience. Through education, peer mentoring, motivational interviewing, and therapy sessions, we will guide our participants toward safer sex practices. These...
Blog Post
PHC6937: Creating a Trauma-Informed Obstetric Practice and Promoting Resilience among Pregnant Women
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with an increased risk of preterm birth. About half of all Florida residents have experienced at least one ACE and 21-30% of Alachua County residents have experienced 2 or more ACEs (Bright et al). In 2017 in Alachua County, 11.7% of live births were less than 37 weeks gestation (FLHealthCHARTS), which is higher than the overall rate in Florida. The aims of this intervention are to build resilience in pregnant women with a history of ACEs...
Blog Post
PHC6937 Grant Proposal: Creating a Trauma-Informed Church
The Diocese of Palm Beach states as its mission “the Church of Palm Beach will strive to discern God’s will in satisfying the spiritual, moral, sacramental, educational, and basic needs of all people, with justice, respecting the dignity of each person.” Considering the landmark ACE Study by Drs. Vincent Felitti and Robert Anda (1998) which linked childhood adversity with health and well-being throughout the lifespan, and understanding that childhood trauma has been identified as the single...
Blog Post
PHC6937: Grant Proposal - Educating Psychiatrists and Therapists about ACEs
Healing From Past Wounds – A Proposal to Give ACEs Training to Psychiatrists and Therapists in San Diego This grant proposal aims to train mental health providers on how to talk to their patients about Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACES). We will educate the public in this county about ACEs and we will improve the trauma-informed skillsets of psychiatrists and therapists. The field of psychiatry now focuses mainly on biological causes for psychological complaints, at the expense of helping...
Blog Post
PHC6937: Incorporating Trauma Informed Care into Adult Primary Care Providers and Emergency Medical Personnel
Only within the past two years have ACEs gained public recognition in North Carolina sparking program development to address and increase resiliency. Overall, North Carolina’s ACEs ranking is 30th out of 50 (WOCMH, 2017). It appears that little is being done in the medical field in NC to assist medical providers in becoming trauma-informed. By educating patients that childhood trauma may be an underlying cause of their health conditions, they can begin to heal by removing self-blame...
Blog Post
PHC6937 Resiliency and Compassion Programs for Critical Care Nursing Staff by Amanda Cook BSN, RN, CEN, UF Master's Student MPH SBS
Vicarious trauma and secondary traumatic stress can occur in populations of workers who are exposed to the traumas that others are experiencing. Critical care nurses caring day after day for suffering individuals, have a unique set of experiences that have an increased risk of developing compassion fatigue. Compassion fatigue has been well studied and mimics similarly to Post Traumatic Stress and is often called Secondary Traumatic Stress (Figley, 1995). High Adverse Childhood Experience...
Blog Post
Resilience for the Forgotten
Resilience for the forgotten is a rehabilitation program for the imprisoned. The Prisoner ACE Survey done in Wales in 2018, found that higher ACE scores are significantly more common in prisoners, particularly violent offenders when compared to the general population 1 . Additionally, this population with higher ACE scores are more likely to re-offend within three years of release, thereby contributing to recidivism rates, which are currently ranging from 22% to 58%, depending on the state...
Blog Post
The Coronavirus’s Unique Threat to the South [theatlantic.com]
More young people in the South seem to be dying from COVID-19. Why? By Vann R. Newkirk II The Atlantic, April 2, 2020 In a matter of weeks, the coronavirus has gone from a novel, distant threat to an enemy besieging cities and towns across the world. The burden of COVID-19 and the economic upheaval wrought by the measures to contain it feel epochal. Humanity now has a common foe, and we will grow increasingly familiar with its face. Yet plenty of this virus’s aspects remain unknown. The...
Blog Post
Thinking About Racial Disparities in COVID-19 Impacts Through a Science-Informed, Early Childhood Lens [developingchild.harvard.edu]
By Jack P. Shonkoff and David R. Williams, Center on the Developing Child, April 27, 2020 The COVID-19 virus is ruthlessly contagious and, at the same time, highly selective. Its capacity to infect is universal, but the consequences of becoming infected are not. While there are exceptions, children are less likely to show symptoms, older adults and those with pre-existing medical conditions are the most susceptible, and communities of color in the United States are experiencing dramatically...
Blog Post
Tools and how to use them is focus of second webinar on Community Resiliency Model, May 14, 2020
The second of two free Community Resiliency (CRM) webinars with Elaine Miller-Karas , key creator of the CRM, will be held Thursday, May 14, from 11 a.m. - 12:30 p.m. ET, (10 a.m. CT; 9 a.m. MT, and 8 a.m. PT) and will include the practical application of tools of the model. CRM is an ACEs science-based biological model for helping individuals become emotionally regulated during natural disasters and other dysregulating times. Miller-Karas will be joined by CRM trainers from Wilmington, NC:...
Blog Post
Upates, good news, recommendation and link to register for Making Meaningful Change: Addressing ACEs through Public Policy Webinar February 18
The World Health Organization has compiled a recent meta-analysis about how much ACEs cost us Millions of adults across Europe and north America live with a legacy of ACEs. Their findings suggest that a 10% reduction in ACE prevalence could equate to annual savings of $105 billion. Programs to prevent ACEs and moderate their effects are available. Rebalancing expenditure towards ensuring safe and nurturing childhoods would be economically beneficial and relieve pressures on health-care...
Blog Post
Webinar Oct. 17 — Integrating ACEs science in pediatrics: Early adopters share lessons from the field
An ACEs Connection webinar co-sponsored with 4 CA In 2017, California became the first state in the country to pass a law supporting universal screening for adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in the 5.3 million children in the state’s Medicaid program. As clinicians around California await the state’s announcement of what this new policy will entail, many are wondering what it takes to integrate ACEs science in a pediatric practice. Meet Drs. Deirdre Bernard-Pearl, R.J. Gillespie and...
Blog Post
PHC6534: A Proposal for a Resilience-Informed Dating Matters Program
Adolescent dating violence has been characterized as a public health concern due to its magnitude and the negative health outcomes associated with victimization. Despite prevention efforts existing for multiple decades, rates of dating violence have failed to decline. Even when prevention efforts are finally disseminated, it is unlikely that dating violence will be entirely eradicated. Therefore, programs focusing on the resiliency of survivors are needed. The increased emphasis in recent...
Blog Post
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Community Physicians: What We've Learned [thepermanentejournal.org]
By Brian R. Stork, Nicholas John Akselberg, Yongmei Qin, and David C. Miller, The Permanente Journal, January 24, 2020 ABSTRACT Introduction : The prevalence of childhood trauma, as measured by the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study questionnaire, has been studied in a wide variety of community settings. However, little is known about physicians’ familiarity with and use of the ACE questionnaire or the prevalence of childhood trauma in the physician community. Objective: To survey a...
Blog Post
Cardiac Disease Prevention Using a Trauma Informed Approach
The Baker County Fire Rescue Trauma-Informed Community Paramedicine Program will aim to prevent cardiac disease by using the emergency medical services to bring primary care to patients’ doorsteps. In doing so, the emergency medical services will no longer simply respond to 911 calls but work proactively to prevent them from happening in the first place. This program will work through three actions: in home scheduled follow up visits involving patient assessment and chronic disease...
Blog Post
Cultivating Deliberate Resilience During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic [jamanetwork.com]
By Abby R. Rosenberg, JAMA Pediatrics, April 14, 2020 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is affecting our health care community in unprecedented ways. As a pediatric oncologist who studies resilience in the context of illness, I started thinking about what this pandemic means for our professional resilience a few weeks ago, when the first US patient with fatal COVID-19 died in my home city of Seattle, Washington. Promoting resilience among health care workers and organizations starts with...
Blog Post
PHC6534: Depression Awareness and Prevention through a Trauma-Informed Approach
With depression a leading cause of disability around the world, it is vital to implement trauma-informed initiatives that help educate individuals on how to build resiliency, understand mental health in themselves and others, and be better equipped for the future. With those aged 18-24-years the most affected by depression, starting in high school can give students the step they need in the right direction. The program initiative develops a consecutive program for high school students that...
Blog Post
Grant Proposal PHC6937
My grant proposal requests funds to support activities for carrying out programs that build resilience (Zolkoski & Bullock, 2012). Also, the grant programs will build self-efficacy among subsidized housing recipients to eliminate intergenerational poverty. Programs that will provide mentoring – including proper nutrition and entrepreneurship training, as well as professional development are a primary focus. Poverty in Florida exists in concentrated areas (Williamson, Smith, &...
Blog Post
PHC6534: HIV Sexual Health Education Intervention Utilizing a Trauma Informed Approach
Adverse Childhood Experiences are highly associated with the development of sexually transmitted infections (Felitti, 1998). People who have experienced just one ACE have a 1.4 odds ratio of having an STI in their lifetime. Whereas those who have 4 or more ACEs have a 2.5 odds ratio (Felitti, 1998). The state of Georgia is not legally required to teach medically accurate sexual health education. In essence, compounding the existing problem of their high HIV incidence. This intervention aims...
Blog Post
How Communities Can Build Psychological Resilience to Disaster
Nicole Wetsman The Red River runs north, up along the border between North Dakota and Minnesota, before spilling into Lake Winnipeg in Manitoba, Canada. Its water flows slowly through a 10,000-year-old glacial lakebed, in one of the flattest stretches of land in the United States, and because it points north, it’s sometimes blocked by ice jams—all of which makes the river prone to flooding . In March 2009, one such flood threatened the city of Fargo. Residents watched for a week as the...
Blog Post
HSC4930: Improving Domestic Violence Outcomes for Children
Domestic violence not only affects the individual directly involved, but also the children who are indirectly involved by witnessing the violence. Spreading awareness to children can prevent future generations from normalizing domestic violence in the home. This project will target children in the Gainesville area to help them find peace and resilience from these incidents. Schools and teachers will play a large role in this project by giving students information on what healthy...
Blog Post
Meditation and Mindfulness in the Classroom
Meditation and Mindfulness in the Classroom Childhood development is one of the most important periods in a human beings life. It is during this time that individuals absorb the most amount of information and are shaped for the people they will become in future. Sadly, during this critical developmental time, millions of children are affected by Adverse Childhood Experiences. ACEs result in numerous health needs both acute and chronic that can plague individuals for a lifetime. However;...
Blog Post
ACEs Science Champions Series: Meet Florida's Johnny Appleseed. She plants seeds of ACEs science!
Dr. Mimi Graham is Florida’s Johnny Appleseed, but instead of planting apple trees, she’s been seeding hundreds of ACEs-science-informed schools, courts, juvenile detention centers, hospitals, childcare centers, home visiting programs, mental health agencies, law enforcement agencies, and drug treatment centers. Graham, who has served as director of the Florida State University Center for Prevention and Early Intervention Policy in Tallahassee since 1993, focuses on early childhood,...
Blog Post
Personal stories from witnesses, U.S. representatives provided an emotional wallop to House Oversight and Reform Committee hearing on childhood trauma
Room erupts in applause for the grandmother of witness William Kellibrew during July 11 House Oversight and Reform Committee hearing. The power of personal stories from witnesses and committee members fueled the July 11 hearing on childhood trauma in the House Oversight and Reform Committee* throughout the nearly four hours of often emotional and searing testimony and member questions and statements (Click here for 3:47 hour video). The hearing was organized into a two panels—testimony from...
Blog Post
PHC 6534: Addressing Adverse Childhood Experiences in Justice-Involved Youth and Preventing Recidivism Through Targeted Assessments, Therapies, and Social Support
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) affect justice-involved youth at higher rates than the general population associated with delinquent behavior and recidivism (Abram et al., 2004). This trauma-informed project at the Alachua Regional Juvenile Detention Center is proposed as a solution to ACEs induced delinquent behavior and recidivism in justice-involved youth. Through education, therapy, and social support this program tries to mitigate the effects of ACEs and retraumatization, in...
Blog Post
PHC 6937: Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Utilizing a Trauma-Informed Approach
In the United States, an estimated 9.4% of the adult population has diabetes, and diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death (Statistics, 2018). In addition, about 33% of adults have prediabetes and are at-risk for developing type 2 diabetes (Statistics, 2018). Individuals who have experienced four or more Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) have a 1.6 odds ratio for developing diabetes compared to their counterparts who have no history of ACEs (Felitti,1998). Type 2 diabetes is...
Blog Post
PHC6534-A Trauma-Informed Approach to Narrowing Racial Disparities in Negative Birth Outcomes Among Women in Alachua County
African American women in Alachua County are experiencing higher rates of poor birth outcomes than their white counterparts (FLHealthCharts, 2018). This is, in spite of the fact that women from both races have clinically similar starts to their pregnancies (FLHealthCharts, 2018). Trauma, experienced in the form of toxic stress from environmental and social variables, is the key difference between these women (Sandoval, 2018). My grant proposal looks to reduce the amount of stress a black...
Blog Post
PHC6534: Addressing and Preventing Adverse Childhood Experiences Through an Enriched Preschool Program
Adverse childhood experiences, also known as ACEs, are highly prevalent across the United States and especially within low-income communities [i] , [ii] , [iii] , [iv] . This is particularly important for Alachua County where 12% of families live below the poverty line and 6% of the population are currently unemployed [v] . Furthermore, recent research shows the Violent Crime Rate was 579.1per 100,000 while the Child Abuse Rate children aged 5-11 was 11.8 per 1,000 [vi] . My grant proposal...
Blog Post
PHC6534: Prevention of Mental Health Issues Caused by Adverse Childhood Experiences Amongst Unaccompanied Minors
Unaccompanied minors (UMs) are a rising population within the United States of America (U.S.). This population endures various forms of trauma and have endured at least one adverse childhood experience (ACE) prior to arriving to the U.S. and will most likely experience more ACEs during their migration journey and have the potential of experiencing more once arriving. The goal of this project is for UMs to receive the trauma-informed care they deserve, as they are not assured trauma-informed...
Blog Post
PHC6534: Trauma Informed Approach in African-American Individuals with Type II Diabetes with Low Socioeconomic Status
Abstract Type 2 diabetes and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can lead to negative health outcomes. Therefore, a trauma-informed approach in low socioeconomic communities is proposed as a solution to combat these concerns. This prevention program will be considered to be a secondary prevention public health focus and it aims to reduce the impact of ACEs as the potential cause for development of type 2 diabetes, especially in young African-American adolescents in low socioeconomic...
Blog Post
Do safe, stable, and nurturing relationships work? New research has important findings for responding to ACEs
While we know that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can cause risk behaviors, research has told us that the presence of protective factors can help mitigate the effects of ACEs. Common risk behaviors such as smoking tobacco and alcohol misuse can be a result from the trauma of childhood disadvantage. In responding to ACEs, public health research proposes that protective factors such as safe, stable, nurturing relationships (SSNRs) with a caring adult can mitigate the long-term effects of...
Blog Post
Fuerza en la Familia: A Resilience-Building Campaign for Latinx Migrant Farmworker Children
This public health communication campaign proposal is one that aims to build resilient children of Latinx Migrant Farmworkers (LMFW) through the family unit. The target population of the communication is the children's adult caregivers. They will be presented with information on the basics and long-term impacts of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), the risks specific to migrant farmworker children, and most importantly they will be education on how to bring resilience-building techniques...
Blog Post
PHC6451 Public Health Communication Project: Changemakers, A Trauma-Informed After-School Program to Build Resilience in Duval County Students
For this project, I created 3 communication materials which include an infographic, a blog post, and a TV commercial. This entire project is just an idea for a potential public health project which is based on a hypothetical grant given to the Florida Department of Health in Duval county. It is assumed that this grant has unlimited funds for the context of this project. The after-school program is called Changemakers. Changemakers is aimed towards a target population of children ages 4-17...
Blog Post
The Intersection of Systematic Racism, the Pandemic, and SDoMH: Reality Mandates Change
Systematic racism is at the core of mental health disparities and social determinants of mental health (SDoMH).Upstream factors obstruct patient access to needed and appropriate assessment, timely intervention, with treatment for these populations often reflecting poorer quality, and ending prior to completion of treatment. COVID-19 and the recent pandemic have only amplified meso and micro-level gaps in care. considered, provided, and reimbursed.
Blog Post
The Pandemic Is Raging. Here's How to Support Your Grieving Students [edweek.org]
By Brittany R. Collins, Education Week, November 12, 2020 Over the past few decades, trauma-informed teaching has gained ground in the United States, yet rarely is grief included in the conversation. In the midst of a global pandemic, with teachers and students confronting loss in and outside the classroom in new and myriad ways, it is more critical than ever to apply a grief-sensitive lens to our conversations about curricula and trauma in the school system. We are not the people we were a...
Blog Post
PHC6534: Promoting Resiliency in Children of Incarcerated Parents
Parental Incarceration is one of the incidents in life that can cause Adverse Childhood Experiences. There are many hidden consequences associated with parental Incarceration. The program aims to prevent the negative health outcomes by targeting the financial, social, emotional, and academic needs of the participants. Children tend to struggle with isolation, antisocial behavior, academic failure, psychological and economic hardships. We aim to serve the children living in Alachua county...
Blog Post
Opportunity to sign on to “A Trauma-Informed Agenda for the First 100 Days of the Biden-Harris Administration”—Deadline Dec. 8th
The Campaign for Trauma-Informed Policy and Practice ( CTIPP ) is inviting individuals and organizations to express their support for a set of executive actions for the Biden-Harris Administration to take “to address trauma and build resilience throughout the country.” Most of these actions could be taken early in the Administration and would not require congressional action with the exception of some recommendations that could be included in a new stimulus package. The recommendations are...
Blog Post
PHC6534: Mental Health Within the Homeless Population in Gainesville, FL
This specific program will target the homeless population in Alachua county specifically in Gainesville that utilize Grace Market Place and Saint Francis House. We will also offer support for those who participant by allowing health professionals (such as nurses and social workers) visit them and help in any capacity. The plan is to tackle the disparities within the Gainesville community in the homeless population. This will be achieved by providing the target population with social workers,...
Blog Post
PHC6534: Using a Trauma-Informed Approach for Obesity Prevention and Reduction
Excess weight has been known to be a risk factor for several top leading causes of death, including heart disease, various types of cancer, type 2 diabetes, and stroke (Centers for Disease Control, 2018). Several studies have documented that adverse experiences during childhood, including exposure to sexual and physical abuse and witnessing violence, are associated with the development of obesity (Isohookana et al., 2016) and puts individuals at an increased risk of serious diseases and...
Blog Post
PHC6534: Addressing and Preventing Adverse Childhood Experiences leading to Malnutrition through the Utilization of Alachua County Public Schools
My grant proposal focuses on the relationship between malnutrition and childhood ACE’s. My reason for picking malnutrition as my issue was because those who struggle with the condition often come from areas of low SES, poor areas, and low economic opportunity. Malnutrition adds an extra level of burden because biologically it can cause issues with memory and cognition that can extend well into adulthood. The effect of malnutrition and the process of not having enough/the right foods to eat...
Blog Post
PHC6534: "Heal PalmPRIDE" Self-dense for LGBTQ+ Domestic Abuse Survivors
Domestic violence is a public health issue in Orange County, FL. The rate of domestic violence reports in Orange county , FL is 587.9/100,000, significantly higher than the average in the state of Florida (Florida Department of Health, n.d.).. Reports estimate that LGBTQ+ populations may have a domestic violence rate (DV) of up to 25%, similar to heterosexual women (Huecker et al., 2021). Victims and perpetrators of domestic violence most often have been exposed to several ACEs (Huecker et...
Blog Post
PHC6534 CHILDREN OF AN INCARCERATED PARENT: Applying a trauma-informed approach to mitigate the risks of poor health outcomes.
This grant proposal addresses the population of children with an incarcerated parent. The U.S. leads internationally in the imprisonment of its citizens and incarceration per 100,000 residents from 1970-2015 has increased by > 400% in 15 to 64 year-olds. 1 The staggering disparities between non-white and white incarceration rates of U.S. citizens are multifactorial. Children of the incarcerated have a higher number of Adverse Childhood Experiences than the general population and carry an...
Blog Post
PHC6534: Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) Cessation Intervention for High School Students in Sacramento California’s “Promise Zone"
Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) usage, otherwise known as vaping, is a growing epidemic in youth across the United States. Although overall rates of smoking among adolescents have decreased nationally, the introduction of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), such JUUL and Suorin, have led to a rise in adolescent ENDS use (Selekman, 2019). Tobacco industry marketing, numerous flavors, and high rates of peer pressure and stress are luring kids to these products (Kong et...
Blog Post
PHC6534 : Addressing the Impact of Trauma and Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Through A Mindful-Based Approach
ACEs are a major public health concern and are associated with an increased risk of poor health outcomes. Nearly 25% of children are exposed to a traumatic event and 1 in 6 adults reported that they experienced four or more types of ACEs (Adverse Childhood, 2020; Razza et al., 2019). This grant proposal is to implement a mindfulness education curriculum in schools to address this problem. In research studies conducted on trauma-exposed adults and children, mindfulness interventions have...
Blog Post
PHC6534- From Farm to Family: A trauma-informed program for healthy meals and healing among low-income women in the Bronx
PHC6534- From Farm to Family: A trauma-informed program for healthy meals and healing among low-income women in the Bronx Overview Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) have been found to increase the risk for several chronic diseases, including hypertension (Gilbert, et al., 2010). These diseases increase the chance for adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes (Chang, Brown, & Nitzke, 2016). If not managed, gestational hypertension can lead to preeclampsia or eclampsia and an increased risk...
Blog Post
Depression Prevention Utilizing a Trauma-Informed Approach - PHC6534 Grant Proposal
By the year 2050 approximately 46 million US adults aged 18 years or older will be diagnosed with a depressive disorder according to research by Heo et al 1 . The magnitude of this health condition urges mental health researchers to identify common etiologies of depression. Along with what can be done to circumvent an increase of this disorder within the population. The CDC reports that preventing Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) could reduce up to 21 million cases of depression. This...
Blog Post
A Grant Proposal for PHC6534: Building Resilience and Providing Culturally Appropriate Mental Health Services to Southeast Asian Refugee and Immigrant Families
Hello everyone, as part of my graduate coursework, I've written a grant proposal that proposes a trauma-informed public health intervention for providing culturally appropriate mental health services for the Southeast Asian American community in Long Beach, California. Below, I give an overview of my grant and discuss applicable trauma-informed principles, levels of the social-ecological model, and public health framework. Overview Southeast Asian American (SEAA) communities in the United...
Blog Post
PHC 6534 - Grant Proposal: Fighting the Challenges and Trauma That Mental Health Causes In Tennessee Households
Overview/Summary: This grant optimizes the collaboration and engagement in partnerships with Tennessee’s Department of Mental Health & Substance Abuse Services and Tennessee’s Department of Education in the fight against household challenges with mental health and the trauma it can cause children growing up. For many years mental health has been a delicate topic to speak about and discuss freely in the United States. Many adults do not feel comfortable speaking about their personal...
Blog Post
PHC6534: A Trauma Informed Approach to Emotional Regulation as a Form of Mitigating Symptoms of ADHD in Children Exposed to Adverse Childhood Experiences
For my Master of Public Health class, I created a trauma-informed approach to address the relationship between ACEs and ADHD incidence. I have included the abstract, trauma-informed principles used, the socio-ecological model levels addressed, and the public health framework I used in the following sections. Abstract: It is incredibly important that the effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on health and wellbeing are understood so that adequate primary prevention measures can be...
Blog Post
PHC6534-Prevention of additional ACEs for foster families through the utilization of a Trauma-Informed Approach
Overview Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are potentially traumatic events that arise during childhood. ACEs are prevalent among foster children and could lead to poor health outcomes as well as negatively impact vital life opportunities. ACEs are a prevalent issue for foster children so there is a demand for extra support and access to services in this community. For instance, 42% of the individuals in the children welfare system studied experienced four or more ACEs and 27% experienced...